In February 2026, a federal court ordered investor-owned utility company DTE and its subsidiaries to pay $100 million for repeated Clean Air Act violations at the EES Coke facility on Zug Island – a major victory for residents of Southwest Detroit’s heavily polluted 48217 zip code. The ruling follows years of community advocacy and federal enforcement targeting one of the region’s most persistent sources of air pollution. DTE has since appealed the decision, indicating an even longer legal battle.
Update (Jan. 6, 2025): This article was updated to incorporate more records that were obtained for 2015-2017. In addition to the updated figures, FracTracker Alliance would also like to make readers aware of the “Daily Accident Report” started by Save Ohio Parks as a result of this issue.
Overview
Key Takeaways
- Michigan’s most polluted zip code in Southwest Detroit continues to experience disproportionate health impacts, including elevated asthma rates, due to legacy industrial development.
- The EES Coke facility on Zug Island emitted sulfur dioxide and other hazardous pollutants above permitted levels for years, contributing to federal “nonattainment” status.
- Federal enforcement culminated in a 2026 court ruling requiring DTE to pay $100 million in penalties and fund community health initiatives.
- Community advocacy, led by local residents and organizations like the Sierra Club, played a central role in holding polluters accountable.
- The case highlights ongoing challenges in regulatory compliance, corporate accountability, and environmental justice in heavily industrialized regions.
Industrial Legacy in the Tri-Cities
In 2020, FracTracker’s Ted Auch spent several days with community activist and Sentinel Award winner Theresa Landrum to document some of the industrial buildout in the 48217 zip code of Southwest Detroit, River Rouge, and Ecorse communities, also known as the tri-cities.
What FracTracker recorded was a well-known legacy buildout driven by a multitude of industries, all with ties to fossil fuel and car production. Even though the buildout took place in the early 1900s, some of the facilities are still operating and, to this day, pollute the communities they are situated near and within. The 48217 area is one of the most polluted zip codes in the state. This pollution has well-documented environmental and health impacts, including significantly increased risk of asthma rates and hospitalizations.
Zug Island and the EES Coke Facility
One of the most significant contributors to this pollution is located on nearby Zug Island, a small area of land transformed into an island through the construction of a canal in the early 1900s (Figure 1). In its early history, Zug Island was the home of a large steel mill that has since limited its operations. However, in 2004, one of the coke batteries that was necessary for the steel mill was purchased by a subsidiary of DTE, the regional utility, and operated as a power source.
![]()
Figure 1. Aerial imagery of Zug Island, with the canal visible. (Ted Auch, FracTracker Alliance, 2021. Aerial support provided by LightHawk.)
Regulatory Violations and Federal Action
Years of elevated emissions and regulatory noncompliance ultimately led to federal enforcement action. Since 2013, the EPA has noted the area around the facility as an area of “nonattainment,” meaning the area did not meet federal standards for sulfur dioxide air quality standards. Because the area was in nonattainment, polluters faced stricter regulatory oversight. While sulfur dioxide, other pollutants, and the actual burning of excess coke oven gas are all regulated, the EES Coke Battery facility consistently emitted pollutants above permitted limits by the Clean Air Act, and the air quality permits attained by the facility. In addition, the facility did not comply with reporting standards.
In 2022, the EPA announced that it was filing a complaint against the facility, and the Department of Justice (DOJ), representing the United States, started litigation. In order to support the communities experiencing the harms from this facility, the Sierra Club, represented by Earthjustice and Great Lakes Environmental Law Center (GLELC), intervened in the lawsuit. This intervention was led by Sierra Club members who lived in the area of concern, including Theresa Landrum, FracTracker’s board member and founder of the Original United Citizens of Southwest Detroit.
A $100 Million Ruling—and What Comes Next
In February 2026, a federal court delivered a major victory for Southwest Detroit residents, ruling against EES Coke and ordering DTE and its subsidiaries to pay $100 million within 90 days for violations against the Clean Air Act. An additional $20 million was required to create a community committee that will support a community health project. Lastly, DTE was ordered to reapply for new permits to operate the EES Coke facility, which would theoretically include stricter pollution control. DTE has recently appealed the decision, but community members celebrated the win, as the judge highlighted DTE’s high degree of control over emissions and refusal to comply with the EPA after a violation notice. The ruling represents a significant step toward accountability for legacy polluters and may set a precedent for stronger enforcement in other overburdened communities. On the ruling, Theresa Landrum notes that “Despite the current administration’s repealing of the 2009 Endangerment Findings Act and the gutting of the Clean Act – this EPA litigation and the federal court’s ruling shows that the EPA’s core mission ‘To protect human health and the environment’ should be the utmost priority of our government.”
Our images in the area can be found in the storymap linked at the beginning of this article or on our Flickr. FracTracker will continue working with residents of the Tri-Cities to document conditions, elevate community voices, and support ongoing efforts toward environmental accountability.
Sources
- https://planetdetroit.org/2020/08/why-do-we-call-48217-michigans-most-polluted-zip-code/
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0896920517708339
- https://planetdetroit.org/2025/09/dte-sulfur-dioxide-zug-island/
- https://pacokeovens.org/what-is-coke/
- https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/ees-coke_infographic_print-4.pdf
- https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/anayo_mi.html
- https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/dte-100-million-judgment-final/
- https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/sw-detroiters-celebrate-100m-penalty-clean-air-wins-in-ees-coke-ruling
- https://planetdetroit.org/2025/05/wayne-county-sulfur-dioxide/
- https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/united-states-files-complaint-against-ees-coke-river-rouge-michigan-clean-air-act
- https://planetdetroit.org/2026/03/dte-appeals-100-million-zug-island-pollution-judgment/
Learn More
Topics in This Article:
Join the Conversation
Stay Informed
FracTracker Newsletter
Support Our Work
FracTracker Alliance helps communicate the risks of oil and gas and petrochemical development to advance just energy alternatives that protect public health, natural resources, and the climate.
By contributing to FracTracker, you are helping to make tangible changes, such as decreasing the number of oil and gas wells in the US, protecting the public from toxic and radioactive chemicals, and stopping petrochemical expansion into vulnerable communities.
Your donations help fund the sourcing and analysis of new data so that we can keep you informed and continually update our resources.
Please donate to FracTracker today as a way to advocate for clean water, clean air, and healthy communities.
What You Should Read Next
An update on Southwest Detroit Industrial Impacts: The Zug Island Ruling
FracTracker’s New Data Tool Visualizes Shell’s Pollution, Violations, and Malfunctions Ahead of Permit Public Hearing
Howell Township Data Center Win: $1B Project Withdrawn After Community Meeting on Energy and Infrastructure Impacts
Comment Opposing the Southeast Supply Enhancement Project (SSEP) – Clean Water Act Section 404 Permit Application (SAW-2024-01961)
California’s New Oil Wells Average 13.5 Barrels/Day — Far Below State Projections
FracTracker Launches Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Data Portals
Colorado Operators Increase Chemical Disclosures After Public Pressure, but Major Gaps Remain
Evaluation of Federal Requirements for Plugging Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells: A Missouri Case Study
Methane Matters, but Make Polluters Pay: FracTracker’s Response to Carl Pope
Shell Polymers Monaca: 17.9 Billion Pounds of Emissions and Repeated Violations in Pennsylvania
Plum Borough Rejects Fracking Waste Injection Well After Public Pushback
Power Plant Locations and Unemployment Rates
Pipeline Incidents Are a Daily Occurrence
Environmental Justice Analysis of Oil Extraction in Los Angeles Communities
How Increased Protective Buffer Zones Could Help Protect 3.6 million Pennsylvanians
Regulatory Gaps and Resistance: The Battle Over Fracking in Southern Illinois
Can California Energy Policy Move Past its Contradictions?
Data Gaps: A Critical Examination of Oil and Gas Well Incidents in Ohio
Indigenous Communities’ Fight Against CO2 Pipelines in the Great Plains
Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Industry Trends: Drilled Wells, Violations, Production, and Waste
A Closer Look at Risks of the Appalachian Hydrogen Hub
Falcon Pipeline Criminal Charges Explained
The Importance of Surveying Rural Landowners in North Dakota on Fracking
Exploring the Fallout of Precision Scheduled Rail: A Rail Worker’s Perspective on Precision Scheduled Rail
Not-So-Radical Transparency: An Ineffective and Unnecessary Partnership Between Pennsylvania Governor Shapiro and the Gas Company CNX
California Must Improve Management of Idle Wells
Holes in FracFocus
Mapping PFAS Chemicals Used in Fracking Operations in West Virginia
Chevron’s $2.3 Billion Asset Adjustment Raises Questions Amidst Regulatory Changes in California
Stop Toxic Threat: A Heavy Industrial Zoning Battle
East Palestine Warning: The Growing Threat From Hazardous Waste Storage
Index of Oil and Gas Operator Health in California Shows Risks to State Economy and Taxpayers
Calling for Change: Life on the Fracking Frontlines
On the Wrong Track: Risks to Residents of the Upper Ohio River Valley From Railroad Incidents
Digital Atlas: Exploring Nature and Industry in the Raccoon Creek Watershed
Why Do Houses Keep Exploding in One Pennsylvania Suburb?
FracTracker Alliance Releases Statement Opposing Governor Shapiro’s Agreement With CNX
Oil and Gas Activity Within California Public Health Protection Zones
Assessment of Oil and Gas Well Ownership Transfers in California
Evaluation of the Capacity for Water Recycling for Colorado Oil and Gas Extraction Operations
Evidence Shows Oil and Gas Companies Use PFAS in New Mexico Wells
CalGEM Permit Review Q1 2023: Well Rework Permits Increase by 76% in California
2022 Pipeline Incidents Update: Is Pipeline Safety Achievable?
Testimony On EPA’s Proposed Methane Pollution Standards for the Oil and Gas Industry
Assessment of Rework Permits on Oil Production from Operational Wells Within the 3,200-Foot Public Health Protection Zone
CalGEM Permit Review Q4 2022: Oil Permit Approvals Show Steep Rise Within Protective Buffer Zones
A Contentious Landscape of Pipeline Build-outs in the Eastern US
Major Gas Leak Reveals Risks of Aging Gas Storage Wells in Pennsylvania
Coursing Through Gasland: A Digital Atlas Exploring Natural Gas Development in the Towanda Creek Watershed
Falcon Pipeline Online, Begins Operations Following Violations of Clean Streams Law
Synopsis: Risks to the Greater Columbus Water Supply from Oil and Gas Production
Desalination: The Chemical Industry’s Demand for Water in Texas
Take Action in Support of No New Leases
Carbon Capture and Storage: Developments in the Law of Pore Space in North Dakota
Carbon Capture and Storage: Industry Connections and Community Impacts
Carbon Capture and Storage: Fact or Fiction?
Pipeline Right-of-Ways: Making the Connection between Forest Fragmentation and the Spread of Lyme Disease in Southwestern Pennsylvania
FracTracker Finds Widespread Hydrocarbon Emissions from Active & Idle Oil and Gas Wells and Infrastructure in California
California Regulators Approve More Oil Well Permits Amid a Crisis of Leaking Oil Wells that Should be Plugged
An Insider Take on the Appalachian Hydrogen & CCUS Conference
Does Hydrogen Have a Role in our Energy Future?
Oil and Gas Brine in Ohio
PA Environment Digest Blog: Conventional Oil & Gas Drillers Dispose Of Drill Cuttings By ‘Dusting’
Real Talk on Pipelines
2021 Production from Pennsylvania’s Oil and Gas Wells
Mapping Energy Systems Impacted by the Russia-Ukraine War
Dimock residents working to protect water from a new threat: fracking waste
Implications of a 3,200-foot Setback in California
New Trends in Drilling Permit Approvals Take Shape in CA
Oil and Gas Drilling in California Legislative Districts
New Report: Fracking with “Forever Chemicals” in Colorado
Introducing: FracTracker’s comprehensive new Pennsylvania map!
New Letter from Federal Regulators Regarding how the Falcon has Been Investigated
US Army Corps Muskingum Watershed Plan ignores local concerns of oil and gas effects
Oil and gas companies use a lot of water to extract oil in drought-stricken California
Southeastern Texas Petrochemical Industry Needs 318 Billion Gallons of Water, but the US EPA Says Not So Fast
Chickahominy Pipeline project tries to exploit an apparent regulatory loophole
Map Update on Criminal Charges Facing Mariner East 2 Pipeline
It’s Time to Stop Urban Oil Drilling in Los Angeles
Infrastructure Networks in Texas
California Prisons are Within 2,500’ of Oil and Gas Extraction
New power plant proposal called senseless and wasteful by climate groups
Ongoing Safety Concerns over Shell’s Falcon Pipeline
New Neighborhood Drilling Permits Issued While California Fails to Act on Public Health Rules
The world is watching as bitcoin battle brews in the US
California Oil & Gas Drilling Permits Drop in Response to Decreased Permit Applications to CalGEM
California Denies Well Stimulation Permits
Mapping PFAS “Forever Chemicals” in Oil & Gas Operations
Updated National Energy and Petrochemical Map
Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania Fracking Story Map
Ohio & Fracking Waste: The Case for Better Waste Management
Pennsylvania Conventional Well Map Update
Impacts of 2020 Colonial Pipeline Rupture Continue to Grow
Gas Storage Plan vs. Indigenous Rights in Nova Scotia
Mapping Gathering Lines in Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Trends in fracking waste coming to New York State from Pennsylvania
2021 Pipeline Incidents Update: Safety Record Not Improving
New York State Oil & Gas Well Drilling: Patterns Over Time
Risky Byhalia Connection Pipeline Threatens Tennessee & Mississippi Health, Water Supply
Shell’s Falcon Pipeline Under Investigation for Serious Public Safety Threats
Kern County’s Drafted EIR Will Increase the Burden for Frontline Communities
Pennsylvania’s Waste Disposal Wells – A Tale of Two Datasets
California Oil & Gas Setbacks Recommendations Memo
Oil and Gas Wells on California State Lands
Industrial Impacts in Michigan: A Photo Essay & Story Map
People and Production: Reducing Risk in California Extraction
Documenting emissions from new oil and gas wells in California
FracTracker in the Field: Building a Live Virtual Map
Mapping Gathering Lines in Ohio and West Virginia
The North Dakota Shale Viewer Reimagined: Mapping the Water and Waste Impact
Falcon Pipeline Construction Releases over 250,000 Gallons of Drilling Fluid in Pennsylvania and Ohio
Systematic Racism in Kern County Oil and Gas Permitting Ordinance
Fracking Water Use in Pennsylvania Increases Dramatically
New Yorkers mount resistance against North Brooklyn Pipeline
California, Back in Frack
California Setback Analyses Summary
Air Pollution from Pennsylvania Shale Gas Compressor Stations – REPORT
New York State Oil & Gas Wells – 2020 Update
National Energy and Petrochemical Map
Governor Newsom Must Do More to Address the Cause of Oil Spill Surface Expressions
Oil & Gas Well Permits Issued By Newsom Administration Rival Those Issued Under Gov. Jerry Brown
Pipelines Continue to Catch Fire and Explode
The Hidden Inefficiencies and Environmental Costs of Fracking in Ohio
Fracking in Pennsylvania: Not Worth It
Fracking Threatens Ohio’s Captina Creek Watershed
How State Regulations Hold Us back and What Other Countries are doing about Fracking
New Method for Locating Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells is Tested in New York State
Abandoned Wells in Pennsylvania: We’re Not Doing Enough
The Underlying Politics and Unconventional Well Fundamentals of an Appalachian Storage Hub
Permitting New Oil and Gas Wells Under the Newsom Administration
Mapping the Petrochemical Build-Out Along the Ohio River
Impact of a 2,500′ Oil and Gas Well Setback in California
Production and Location Trends in PA: A Moving Target
The Falcon Public Monitoring Project
Release: The 2019 You Are Here map launches, showing New York’s hurdles to climate leadership
Idle Wells are a Major Risk
Literally Millions of Failing, Abandoned Wells
Wicked Witch of the Waste
The Growing Web of Oil and Gas Pipelines
Unnatural Disasters
Getting Rid of All of that Waste – Increasing Use of Oil and Gas Injection Wells in Pennsylvania
A Disturbing Tale of Diminishing Returns in Ohio
Pennsylvania Drilling Trends in 2018
![]()
216 Franklin St, Suite 400, Johnstown, PA 15901
Phone: +1 (717) 303-0403 | info@fractracker.org
FracTracker Alliance is a 501(c)3 non-profit: Tax identification number: 80-0844297
Leave a Reply
Want to join the discussion?Feel free to contribute!