Colorado allows oil and gas operators to use polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), or “forever chemicals,” in their drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations.
Key Findings
In 2023, at least 54% of the spills that were reported to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) were located within the 2,000-foot setback.
In 2022, the counts of fracking wastewater and produced water spills increased 163% and the total reported volume of oil drilling-related materials spilled increased 24% compared to 2021.
Why Colorado Needs Oil and Gas Spill Public Health Alerts
Spills from the oil and gas industry represent a clear present threat to public health for communities living near oil and gas extraction operations. A report by Physicians for Social Responsibility shows that Colorado continues to allow oil and gas operators to use polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), or “forever chemicals,” such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in their drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations. When these fracking chemicals and the hydrocarbons that include BTEX chemicals (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) spill, they put communities at risk of a variety of health impacts known to be caused by these chemicals.
Communities should be immediately informed of spills that increase their health risks. This is particularly important for communities that live near oil and gas extraction operations, as spills of toxic chemicals are common in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas wastewater and crude spills often contaminate groundwater, soils, surface waters, and local and regional air quality. Communities deserve to be immediately alerted when hazardous spills occur. HB 24-1359 is a necessary bill to address this major gap in risk communication.
The maps and analysis presented below show the locations of more than 3,700 oil and gas spills that have been reported to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) since 2020. The maps highlight where these spills are known to have contaminated groundwater. Additional maps show that some of the health impacts that have been linked to oil and gas activity are most common in Colorado where these spills are occurring.
The analysis finds that at least 54% of the spills that were reported to the COGCC in 2023 were located within 2,000 feet of a home.
Ohio Oil and Gas Incidents 2018-2023
This interactive map looks at oil and gas incidents in Ohio from the beginning of 2018 to September 2023 based on reports made to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR).
View the map “Details” tab below in the top right corner to learn more and access the data, or click on the map to explore the dynamic version of this data. Data sources are also listed at the end of this article. In order to turn layers on and off in the map, use the Layers dropdown menu. This tool is only available in Full Screen view. Items will activate in this map dependent on the level of zoom in or out.
View Full Size Map | Updated 3/5/2024 | Map Tutorial
Oil and Gas Industry Spills in Colorado
In 2022, the counts of frac wastewater and produced water spills increased 163%, compared to 2021. The use of PFAS in Colorado operations puts not only the groundwater and soils near the drilling pads at risk of PFAS contamination, but all sites where spills occurred. The total reported volume of oil drilling-related materials spilled increased 24% in 2022 as well.
FracTracker mapped the locations of oil and gas spills reported to the COGCC. Spills data with lat/lon coordinates was downloaded from the Daily Activity Dashboard. Data was filtered for 2023 spill incidents and overlaid on a FracTracker Alliance database of the current 2,000-foot public health setback zone in Colorado.
![ColoradoSpills_3.22.24](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ColoradoSpills_3.22.24.jpg)
The COGCC Daily Activity Dashboard dataset documents that 1,186 oil and gas industry spills were reported to the COGCC in 2023. In total, 3,749 spills have been reported to the COGCC since this dataset began aggregating the data in 2020. Additionally, the Colorado spills data identifies 70 spill events that were known to have contaminated groundwater resources, and 12 that contaminated surface waters. In 2022, half of all Colorado spills occurred in Weld County, which had 241 oil and gas related spills—155 more spills than Garfield, the county with the next highest number of spills. Spills create a direct pathway via environmental media contamination to expose communities to toxic oil and gas wastes. This can include sources of drinking water for Colorado communities. These events are mapped above in (Figure 1).
Spills Within 2,000 Feet of Homes
Using GIS techniques, FracTracker Alliance screened the locations of COGCC oil and gas spills for proximity to homes. By using Microsoft Open Streetmap datasets in addition to many hours of ground-truthing and tracing of satellite imagery, FracTracker Alliance created map layers identifying the areas of Colorado that are located within the 2,000-foot public health setback zone. This dataset was used to screen the COGCC dataset of oil and gas spills. The results of the analysis show that 54% (640) of the spills reported in 2023 were within the 2,000-foot setback zone. Additionally, 54% (2,039) of the spills in the full dataset spanning 2020-2024 were also within the setback zone.
Oil and gas spills
Between 2020 and 2024, 54% of the spills were within the 2,000-foot health protection setback zone.
Between 2020 and 2024, 54% of the spills in the full dataset were within 2,000-foot setback zone.
Visualizing the Health Risks
In the maps below (Figures 2-6), FracTracker Alliance plotted the incidence counts of health impacts that were recorded by the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment. The maps focus on the specific ICD-10 codes that have been associated with living proximal to higher densities of oil and gas drilling and completion operations. The maps show that many of these health impacts in Colorado are disparately impacting the communities closest to oil extraction operations in the state. These are the same areas where the majority of spills from oil and gas drilling and completion operations are occurring (Figure 1).
![ALLeukemia_FracTracker_3.25](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ALLeukemia_FracTracker_3.25.jpg)
Figure 2. Map of Acute Lymphocytic Cancer Incidence. The map shows incidence counts of acute lymphocytic cancer cases and overlays the counts by county on the map of oil and gas extraction operations in Colorado.
![AsthmaED_FracTracker_3.25](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AsthmaED_FracTracker_3.25.jpg)
Figure 3. Map of Asthma Emergency Department Visit Incidence. The map shows incidence counts of asthma emergency department visits and overlays the counts by county on the map of oil and gas extraction operations in Colorado.
![AsthmaHosp_FracTracker_3.25](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AsthmaHosp_FracTracker_3.25.jpg)
Figure 4. Map of Asthma Hospitalizations Incidence. The map shows incidence counts of asthma hospitalizations and overlays the counts by county on the map of oil and gas extraction operations in Colorado.
![NasopharyngealCancer_FracTracker_3.25](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/NasopharyngealCancer_FracTracker_3.25.jpg)
Figure 5. Map of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Incidence. The map shows incidence counts of nasopharyngeal cancer cases and overlays the counts by county on the map of oil and gas extraction operations in Colorado.
![NHLymphoma_FracTracker_3.25](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/NHLymphoma_FracTracker_3.25.jpg)
Figure 6. Map of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Incidence. The map shows incidence counts of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma cases and overlays the counts by county on the map of oil and gas extraction operations in Colorado.
Creating Public Health Alerts
Communities in Colorado should be immediately informed of spills that increase their health risks. This is particularly important for communities that live near oil and gas extraction operations, as spills of toxic chemicals are common in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas wastewater and crude spills often contaminate groundwater, soils, surface waters, and local and regional air quality. Communities deserve to be immediately alerted when hazardous spills occur, which is why legislation to increase public knowledge of hazardous chemicals released through oil and gas operations is critical.
References & Where to Learn More
- How Spills, Holes, and Cracks Release Fracking Chemicals Into the Environment – FracTracker Alliance
- New Report: Fracking with “Forever Chemicals” in Colorado – FracTracker Alliance
- Center for Western Priorities 2022 Spills Tracker
- Colorado Oil & Gas Dashboard
- Groundwater Threats in Colorado – Water Sources & Waste Disposal – FracTracker Alliance
- Colorado Open Street Map
- Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission Unanimously Adopts SB 19-181 New Mission Change Rules, Alternative Location Analysis and Cumulative Impacts – Colorado Department of Natural Resources
Topics in This Article:
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FracTracker Alliance helps communicate the risks of oil and gas and petrochemical development to advance just energy alternatives that protect public health, natural resources, and the climate.
By contributing to FracTracker, you are helping to make tangible changes, such as decreasing the number of oil and gas wells in the US, protecting the public from toxic and radioactive chemicals, and stopping petrochemical expansion into vulnerable communities.
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Please donate to FracTracker today as a way to advocate for clean water, clean air, and healthy communities.
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![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Stop-Alton-Gas-Treaty-Truckhouse-feature-photo-by-Jared-Durelle-1030x458.jpg)
Gas Storage Plan vs. Indigenous Rights in Nova Scotia
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Bradford-County-PA-gathering-lines-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Mapping Gathering Lines in Bradford County, Pennsylvania
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/PA-Unconventional-Drilling-Waste-Disposal-in-NYS-2011-20-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Trends in fracking waste coming to New York State from Pennsylvania
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/49770601811_6cc7e18996_k-1030x492.jpg)
2021 Pipeline Incidents Update: Safety Record Not Improving
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/New-York-State-wells-feature-1030x458.jpg)
New York State Oil & Gas Well Drilling: Patterns Over Time
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Byhalia-map-feature-2-1030x458.jpg)
Risky Byhalia Connection Pipeline Threatens Tennessee & Mississippi Health, Water Supply
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Falcon-Ohio-River-Crossing-Feature-A.LauschkeLightHawk-1030x458.jpg)
Shell’s Falcon Pipeline Under Investigation for Serious Public Safety Threats
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Arvin-CA-well-sites-and-schools-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Kern County’s Drafted EIR Will Increase the Burden for Frontline Communities
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Waste-Disposal-Wells-in-Pennsylvania-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Pennsylvania’s Waste Disposal Wells – A Tale of Two Datasets
![Los Angeles, California skyline](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Los-Angeles-skyline-feature-1030x458.jpg)
California Oil & Gas Setbacks Recommendations Memo
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Figure-2.-There-are-50-operational-oil-and-gas-wells-permitted-on-California-state-lands-in-the-Sacramento-River-Delta-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Oil and Gas Wells on California State Lands
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Control-your-dust-frac-sand-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Industrial Impacts in Michigan: A Photo Essay & Story Map
![CA Setbacks Map](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CASetbacksMappic-1030x422.jpg)
People and Production: Reducing Risk in California Extraction
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/EQT-Tioga-Wide-7.gif)
Documenting emissions from new oil and gas wells in California
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/TAuch_infrastructure-wellpad-sandtruck-ChesapeakeAppalachia-RainSulWellpad-SullivanCounty-PA_July2020-feature-1030x458.jpg)
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FracTracker-in-the-Field-promotion5-1030x579.jpg)
FracTracker in the Field: Building a Live Virtual Map
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Loyalsock-feature-1030x458.jpg)
![Mapping gathering lines in OH and WV feature](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mapping-gathering-lines-in-OH-and-WV-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Mapping Gathering Lines in Ohio and West Virginia
![Oil & Gas waste tank operated by SWEPI and Enervest at the Hayes pad, Otsego County, Michigan May 21st, 2016](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Oil-Gas-waste-tank-in-Michigan-feature-1030x295.jpg)
The North Dakota Shale Viewer Reimagined: Mapping the Water and Waste Impact
![FracTracker Falcon Pipeline spills map](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FalconPipelineFrontPage-1030x295.jpg)
Falcon Pipeline Construction Releases over 250,000 Gallons of Drilling Fluid in Pennsylvania and Ohio
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CalGEM-Drilling-and-Rework-Permits-2015-2020-feature-1030x458.jpg)
Systematic Racism in Kern County Oil and Gas Permitting Ordinance
![Bushkill Falls PA](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/waterfall-1806956_1920-1030x497.jpg)
Fracking Water Use in Pennsylvania Increases Dramatically
![North Brooklyn Pipeline demographics map](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/North-Brooklyn-Pipeline-demographics_1-1030x420.jpg)
New Yorkers mount resistance against North Brooklyn Pipeline
![Map of New 2020 Fracking Permits in California](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Map-of-New-2020-Fracking-Permits-in-California-1030x495.jpg)
California, Back in Frack
![California well pad](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/California-well-pad-1030x458.jpg)
California Setback Analyses Summary
![Compressor station within Loyalsock State Forest, PA.](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Compressor-station-within-Loyalsock-State-Forest-PA-1030x458.jpg)
Air Pollution from Pennsylvania Shale Gas Compressor Stations – REPORT
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/New-York-State-Oil-Gas-Well-Viewer-2020-1030x633.jpg)
New York State Oil & Gas Wells – 2020 Update
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/National-map-feature-3.png)
National Energy and Petrochemical Map
![California Governor Gavin Newsom looks at surface expression oil spills](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/California-Governor-Gavin-Newsom--1030x457.jpg)
Governor Newsom Must Do More to Address the Cause of Oil Spill Surface Expressions
![Governor Newsom Well Watch website for California drilling](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-21-at-2.22.05-PM-1030x463.png)
Oil & Gas Well Permits Issued By Newsom Administration Rival Those Issued Under Gov. Jerry Brown
![destroyed home following pipeline explosion in San Bruno, CA](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/San-Bruno-Aftermath-feature-image.png)
Pipelines Continue to Catch Fire and Explode
![Overhead view of injection well](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Brookfield-1030x458.jpg)
The Hidden Inefficiencies and Environmental Costs of Fracking in Ohio
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/PA-2019-Fracked-Gas-Production-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
Fracking in Pennsylvania: Not Worth It
![Captina Creek Watershed Feature](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Captina-Creek-Watershed-Feature-1030x457.jpg)
Fracking Threatens Ohio’s Captina Creek Watershed
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Newsom-Well-Watch-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Oil-and-gas-drilling-in-ND.-Photo-by-Nick-Lund-NPCA-2014-feature-1030x458.jpg)
How State Regulations Hold Us back and What Other Countries are doing about Fracking
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2018-NYS-Oil-and-Gas-Wells-feature-image-2-1030x458.jpg)
New Method for Locating Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells is Tested in New York State
![Ohio Secret Fracking Chemicals Report](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OHSecretChem-797x1030.png)
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Abandoned-wells-PA-feature-1030x458.png)
Abandoned Wells in Pennsylvania: We’re Not Doing Enough
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/DSC_0624_LowRes-1030x674.jpg)
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Cracker-Plant-2-1030x469.jpg)
The Underlying Politics and Unconventional Well Fundamentals of an Appalachian Storage Hub
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/inglewood-field-ca-feature-1-1030x458.jpg)
Permitting New Oil and Gas Wells Under the Newsom Administration
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Beaver-Cracker-Plant-Feature-1030x458.jpg)
Mapping the Petrochemical Build-Out Along the Ohio River
![Urban Drilling in Los Angeles](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/SignalHill_DavidMcNew_GettyImages_edit.jpg)
Impact of a 2,500′ Oil and Gas Well Setback in California
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Washington-County-Rig-2-1030x458.jpg)
Production and Location Trends in PA: A Moving Target
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PipelineConstructionFeature-1030x458.png)
The Falcon Public Monitoring Project
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/YouAreHereMap2-1030x458.png)
Release: The 2019 You Are Here map launches, showing New York’s hurdles to climate leadership
![https://www.kvpr.org/post/dormant-risky-new-state-law-aims-prevent-problems-idle-oil-and-gas-wells](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IdleWellsHathaway_resize.jpg)
Idle Wells are a Major Risk
![DOGGR](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/chevron-surface-expression_resize.jpg)
Literally Millions of Failing, Abandoned Wells
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KSOKNE-Injection-Wells-1030x458.png)
Wicked Witch of the Waste
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PipelineConstructionPA.png)
The Growing Web of Oil and Gas Pipelines
![destroyed home following pipeline explosion in San Bruno, CA](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/San-Bruno-Aftermath-feature-image.png)
Unnatural Disasters
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/SWD_PA2-1030x458.png)
Getting Rid of All of that Waste – Increasing Use of Oil and Gas Injection Wells in Pennsylvania
![Bird's eye view of an injection well (oil and gas waste disposal)](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/InjectionWell-Sky-Feature.jpg)
A Disturbing Tale of Diminishing Returns in Ohio
![](https://www.fractracker.org/a5ej20sjfwe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/UncWellsPerYear_2005_2018-1030x682.png)
Pennsylvania Drilling Trends in 2018
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